Rufin gani

Rufin gani

Shafi na gani wani sirara ne ko yadudduka na kayan da aka ajiye akan na'urar gani, kamar ruwan tabarau ko madubi, wanda ke canza yadda abin gani yake nunawa da watsa haske.Ɗayan nau'i na nau'i na kayan shafa shine abin rufe fuska, wanda ke rage abubuwan da ba'a so daga saman, wanda aka saba amfani dashi akan gilashin ido da ruwan tabarau na kamara.Wani nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i ne mai mahimmanci, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don samar da madubai wanda ke nuna fiye da 99.99% na haske.Ƙarin riguna masu rikitarwa waɗanda ke nuna mafi girman tunani a wasu tsayin raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da kuma juzu'i a mafi tsayi suna ba da damar samar da matatun fim na bakin ciki na dichroic.

Nau'in Rufi

Waiwaye vs. Ƙwallon Ƙarfe a Al'ada na Al'ada don Aluminum (Al), Azurfa (Ag), da Zinariya (Au) Madubin Ƙarfe

Mafi sauƙaƙan kayan shafa na gani sune siraran ƙarfe na ƙarfe, irin su aluminum, waɗanda aka ajiye akan gilashin gilashi don samar da farfajiyar gilashi, wani tsari da ake kira silvering.Ƙarfe da aka yi amfani da shi yana ƙayyade abubuwan da ke nuna madubi;aluminum shine mafi arha kuma mafi yawan shafa, yana samar da kusan 88% -92% tunani a cikin bakan da ake iya gani.Mafi tsada shine azurfa, wanda ke da 95% -99% tunani ko da a cikin infrared mai nisa, amma ya rage yawan tunani (<90%) a cikin yankunan shuɗi da ultraviolet.Mafi tsada shine zinare, wanda yake cike da infrared.Yana ba da kyakkyawan tunani (98%-99%), amma iyakataccen tunani a tsawon raƙuman ruwa ƙasa da 550 nm, yana haifar da keɓaɓɓen launi na zinariya.

Ta hanyar sarrafa kauri da yawa na rufin ƙarfe, za a iya rage yin tunani da kuma ƙara yawan watsawa, wanda ya haifar da madubi na rabin-azurfa.Ana amfani da waɗannan a wasu lokuta a matsayin "mudubai mai hanya ɗaya".

Wani babban nau'in kayan shafa na gani shine murfin dielectric (wato, amfani da kayan aiki tare da fihirisa daban-daban a matsayin substrate).Sun ƙunshi nau'ikan siraran abubuwa, irin su magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, da ƙarfe iri-iri, waɗanda aka ajiye akan abubuwan da ke gani.Ta hanyar zabar madaidaicin abun da ke ciki, kauri da adadin waɗannan yadudduka, ana iya daidaita haske da watsawa na sutura don samar da kusan duk wani abu da ake so.Za'a iya rage ma'aunin tunani na saman ƙasa a ƙasa da 0.2%, wanda ke haifar da murfin anti-reflective (AR).Sabanin haka, tare da rufin babban tunani (HR), za'a iya ƙara haɓakawa zuwa fiye da 99.99%.Hakanan za'a iya daidaita matakin haɓakawa zuwa takamaiman ƙima, alal misali, don samar da madubi wanda ke nuna 90% a cikin wasu kewayon tsayin raƙuman ruwa kuma yana watsa 10% na hasken da ya faɗi akansa.Irin waɗannan madubai galibi ana amfani da su azaman fitarwar ma'auni a cikin masu raba katako da na'urorin laser.A madadin, za'a iya tsara suturar ta yadda madubi ya nuna kawai kunkuntar band na raƙuman ruwa, samar da tacewa na gani.

Haɓaka kayan kwalliyar dielectric ya haifar da amfani da su a cikin kayan aikin gani da yawa na kimiyya kamar lasers, microscopes na gani, na'urar hangen nesa, da interferometers, da na'urorin mabukaci kamar binoculars, gilashin ido, da ruwan tabarau na hoto.

Wani lokaci ana yin amfani da yadudduka na dielectric akan fina-finai na ƙarfe don samar da Layer na kariya (kamar silicon dioxide akan aluminum), ko don ƙara haskakawa na fim ɗin karfe.Hakanan ana amfani da haɗe-haɗe na ƙarfe da dielectric don ƙirƙirar suturar ci gaba waɗanda ba za a iya samar da su ta wata hanya ba.Misali shine abin da ake kira "cikakkiyar madubi", wanda ke nuna babban (amma ajizi) tunani tare da ƙarancin hankali da ba a saba gani ba ga tsayin igiya, kusurwa, da polarization.